What Does a Semiconductor Foundry Do?

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A semiconductor foundry manufactures chips for other companies, turning a circuit design into physical electronic devices. Its central job is to make the tiny structures and connections that allow a chip to work, then repeat that process reliably across many wafers. Some foundry services also include help with design, packaging and testing. The distinction matters because the company whose name appears on a processor does not necessarily own the factory that fabricated it. Chip design and chip manufacturing solve different problems. Designers decide what a device should do and develop the circuitry needed to achieve it. A foundry supplies a manufacturing process that can turn that circuitry into silicon. TSMC describes its dedicated foundry business as manufacturing customers’ products, rather than selling competing chip designs of its own. Companies that focus on design while contracting out fabrication are often called fabless. Other businesses combine chip design with their own manu...

Who Is Patrick Stewart?

Illustrated portrait of Patrick Stewart with theatre curtains and a starfield representing his stage and screen career

Patrick Stewart was an English stage and screen actor best known internationally for playing Captain Jean-Luc Picard in Star Trek and Professor Charles Xavier in the X-Men films. Those roles made him familiar to generations of viewers, but his career began in theatre and remained closely connected to Shakespeare. Born in Mirfield, Yorkshire, in 1940, he died on October 28, 2026, aged 86. His work ranged from classical tragedy to science fiction, and his memoir, Making It So, offered his own account of that journey.

Stewart’s interest in acting developed during a working-class childhood in Yorkshire. In a 2023 interview with the Folger Shakespeare Library, he recalled an English teacher introducing him to Shakespeare at school and assigning him the part of Shylock. The language was initially difficult to understand and pronounce, yet he felt drawn into an unfamiliar world. He also described learning to adjust his strongly local accent for performance. These memories help explain why his later reputation for a commanding speaking voice was rooted in practice and encouragement, rather than simply a naturally distinctive sound.

He joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1966. According to the company’s tribute, he was a core member until 1982 and appeared in more than forty RSC productions across his association with it. His parts included Shylock, Prospero, Macbeth, Antony, Claudius and Henry IV. This was a substantial career before many international television viewers knew his name. It also continued after his screen success: he returned to play Antony and Prospero in 2006 and appeared as Claudius opposite David Tennant’s Hamlet. The theatre was a continuing part of his professional life, rather than a brief preparation for Hollywood.

His international breakthrough came with Star Trek: The Next Generation, which began in 1987 and ran for seven seasons. As Picard, Stewart played a starship captain whose responsibilities included making difficult decisions about other beings, his crew and the principles he represented. The role required more than the delivery of orders. Arguments, reflection and moments of uncertainty were central to the character. For audiences encountering Stewart through science fiction, those scenes demonstrated how a performance could make a discussion of responsibility feel as important as an action sequence. He later played Picard in the franchise’s films.

A second major screen identity arrived with Professor Charles Xavier in X-Men in 2000. Xavier was a leader and mentor whose extraordinary abilities were mental rather than physical. Stewart’s presence gave the character a different kind of authority from the fighters around him. He appeared alongside fellow stage actor Ian McKellen, who played Magneto. Their involvement connected a superhero film to performers already experienced in classical drama. Stewart also played Charles in Logan, released in 2017, which placed the character in a markedly different, more vulnerable situation alongside Hugh Jackman’s Logan.

Stewart eventually revisited Picard in the later television series Star Trek: Picard. He explained that he had resisted simply returning to familiar territory. His experience on Logan helped him imagine how an established character could be approached differently as both the actor and the character grew older. In his account, a changed world and a new stage of life made the project worth exploring. That distinction is useful when looking at his career: returning to a famous role did not necessarily mean trying to reproduce the earlier performance.

His 2023 memoir, Making It So, brought his own voice to the story behind these public roles. The book follows his beginnings in Yorkshire and his development as an actor, while its audiobook is narrated by Stewart himself. His Folger interview also shows how carefully he thought about performing: he recalled being asked during his RSC audition to deliver the same speech first to one person and then to an imagined army. The words stayed the same, but their purpose and scale changed. It is a practical example of the craft that linked his stage and screen work.

Stewart was knighted for services to drama in 2010. The honour recognised a career broader than either of the fictional leaders with whom he became most closely associated. Picard and Xavier remain convenient starting points for discovering his work, but the range of Shakespearean characters in the RSC’s record reveals another substantial body of performance. Reading his recollections alongside those productions makes it possible to see the actor behind the familiar captain: a performer repeatedly finding a different person, situation and intention inside the words.

Sources: Royal Shakespeare Company tribute; Stewart’s Folger interview; Television Academy interview; X-Men; Logan; Stewart on returning as Picard; Making It So publisher page; Associated Press obituary.

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