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THE STOCK MARKET <<< Week-End Article >>>

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                                          THE STOCK MARKET History of the stock market S tock markets are some of the most important parts of today’s global economy. Countries around the world depend on stock markets for economic growth. In 12th-century France, the  courretiers de change  were concerned with managing and regulating the debts of agricultural communities on behalf of the banks. Because these men also traded with debts, they could be called the first  brokers . A common misbelief is that, in late 13th-century  Bruges , commodity traders gathered inside the house of a man called  Van der Beurze , and in 1409 they became the "Brugse Beurse", institutionalizing what had been, until then, an informal meeting, but actually, the family Van der Beurze had a building in  Antwerp  where those gatherings occurred;  the Van der Beurze had Antwerp, as most of the merchants of that period, as their primary place for trading. The idea quickly spread around  Flanders
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How do Astronauts Make Space-walks?

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S pace-walk is not very true to its meaning. For walking , a person on any planet, needs the gravitational pull that draws him towards the ground. In space, which is devoid of gravity, the astronaut can only float alongside his space craft. The first space walk was made by a Soviet cosmonaut, A . Leonov in 1965 for 24 minutes. For space walking, the astronaut is tied by a safety line.
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Why are Some Animals Brightly Coloured?

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A nimals with an unpleasant taste or which are poisonous, often advertise themselves with their bright colouring. The bright colours warn the predators to avoid these animals and keep them at a bay. The cinnabar moth with its red and black bold markings is not touched by birds . The central American poison frogs have bright patterns on the body and its poison is used for arrow tips. Wasps too are brightly coloured. Some animals mimic the warning colours of other animals to avoid being hunted . A cinnabar moth caterpillar mimics a wasp's colouring and a hoverfly, too, mimics a wasp to escape being hunted by birds.
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How Big is the Earth?

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The distance around the Earth, that is, it's circumference around the equator is 40,091 kilometres. The diameter (the distance across the centre of the Earth ) at the equator is 12,756 kilometres. The Earth is slightly smaller when measured between the poles (12,713 kilometres), so it is not an exact sphere. If the Earth is weighted on a weighing machine, it would be nearly 6x10 tonnes.
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Who were the Incas?

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The ancestors of the Incas lived among the mountains of Peru possibly as much as 4000 years ago. The Incas began building up their country in about A.D. 1200. From 1438 to 1493 , two kings Pachacuti and his son Topa Inca , expanded the Inca empire. It eventually covered an area which extended into present-day Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina. At its height in the 1400s, there were seven million people living in the Inca Empire. They were divided into nobles, common people and slaves . The emperor ruled as a dictator through a system of governors . The Inca people never invented writing, but used knotted cards called 'quipu' to record numbers.
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