Obe Danumata (ඔබේ දැනුමට)

The atmosphere surrounding the Earth has a pale red filter which makes all the light coming from space turn slightly reddish. An object which is very low in the sky, like the setting Sun, has to shine through much more air than when it is high in the sky. This implies that the sun's light has to pass through more of this red filter and, therefore, it has more reddish tint.

We cannot see the stars during the day time, although they are always therein the sky. The bright blue sky hides them from our visibility and when the Sunsets, the blue fades away making the stars visible. This blue is caused by the atmosphere. In space or on the airless moon, the sky is always black and stars can always be seen. Some powerful stars can be seen through telescope during daytime.

Our Solar system consisting of the Sun and the planets which were formed some 4600 million years ago from a huge cloud Liquid hydrogen of gas and very small particles. The gas was mainly hydrogen, which was eventually lost into space by the smaller planets like the Earth, but the giant planets kept their gas intact. The gravitational pull of giant planets is much stronger than that of the Earth and this prevents the hydrogen gas from escaping the planet. Hydrogen makes up about 90 per cent of Metallic hydrogen Rocky core the giant planets. Neptune, probably has an outer shell of liquid hydrogen, an inner one of metallic hydrogen, where electric currents can pass though a small rocky core.

No one has been able to predict the future of the Universe. It could continue as such or eventually slow down, come to a halt and fly inwards to the “Big Crunch'. The astronomers believe that the future of the Universe depends upon the amount of material it contains. The greater the amount of material, the more powerful is the gravitational force trying to pull the galaxies back together. However, the galaxies known to us do not seem massive enough to end the expansion of the universe. But they could have hidden mass which would eventually slow down and end the present expansion.

The Sun has fountains of glowing gas rising from its surface known as a prominence. Some prominence  escape into space, while most of them fall back into the Sun after lasting for a few hours or days. Prominence  appear bright during a to  Solaris  eclipse when they can be seen poking up from the edge of the black disc of the Moon.  Prominence  are mostly larger than the Earth and, in fact, a hundred Earths could fit into one. They are expelled from the photo sphere at speeds of 200 km/sec. The gas in them is very thin and they can be seen only through special equipment.

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https://youtu.be/nKChiaLV0cQ In material science, spacetime is any numerical model that combines the three elements of room and the one component of time into a solitary four-dimensional continuum. Spacetime outlines can be utilized to envision relativistic impacts, for example, why diverse onlookers see where and when occasions happen. Until the turn of the twentieth century, the presumption had been that the three-dimensional geometry of the universe (its spatial articulation as far as directions, separations, and bearings) was free of one-dimensional time. In any case, in 1905, Albert Einstein put together his original work with respect to extraordinary relativity on two hypothesizes: (1) The laws of material science are invariant (i.e., indistinguishable) in every single inertial framework (i.e., non-quickening casings of reference); (2) The speed of light in a vacuum is the equivalent for all onlookers, paying little heed to the movement of the light source. The sensibl...

Quantum Theory Full Documentary HD https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-iB5iEy2Kc&t=1183s quantum hypothesis Posted by: Margaret Rouse Contributor(s): Ivy Wigmore Quantum hypothesis is the hypothetical premise of current material science that clarifies the nature and conduct of issue and vitality on the nuclear and subatomic dimension. The nature and conduct of issue and vitality at that dimension is at times alluded to as quantum material science and quantum mechanics. In 1900, physicist Max Planck introduced his quantum hypothesis to the German Physical Society. Planck had tried to find the reason that radiation from a sparkling body changes in shading from red, to orange, and, at last, to blue as its temperature rises. He found that by making the suspicion that vitality existed in individual units similarly that issue does, instead of similarly as a steady electromagnetic wave - as had been once in the past accepted - and was consequently quantifiable, he could...

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Clocks and watches are used to measure time. Clocks can stand on their own or are hung on the wall, but watches are strapped on to the wrist. There have been many ways of measuring time for many thousands of years. Time was probably first measured by man several thousand years ago by observing the position of the Sun in the sky . Water clocks and sand glasses or hourglasses used changing levels of water or sand in a container to measure time. Candle clocks used to measure time with the burning of candles. Sundials used the movement of the shadow cast by the Sun. The first mechanical time piece was made in China in the 8th century. The clocks previously used springs or weights, but the modern ones use batteries for power. The digital watches show time by numbers on a small screen . 

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) lived in Italy and is remembered as the first person to turn a telescope to the sky and make important astronomical observations. He built the first telescope in 1609 and then went on to make many. He observed that Moon was not smooth and perfect as it looks, but it was covered with mountains and craters. He also discovered that a pendulum could be used to measure time. He found this by watching a hanging lamp swinging in Pisa Cathedral. He realized that it took exactly the same time for each swing , whether the swings were large or small . He also observed bright satellites of Jupiter , sunspots and other things. The four largest moons of Jupiter are now known as the Galilean satellites. He made himself unpopular because he lived in a time when people believed that the Earth did not move and the Sun and Moon revolved around it. People believed what was written in the Bible. He was imprisoned and ended his life in a house arrest.

Sextant is an instrument that navigators use to find their position. It was invented by John Hadley of Britain and Thomas Godfrey of the United States in 1731. It made navigation easier, and sea travel much safer. The sextant measures how high the Sun or star , such as the Pole Star, is above the horizon. The navigator looks through lenses and mirrors fixed to the sextant and views the Sun or Star and the horizon. A scale on sextant gives the height of the Sun or star. From this and the time of observation , the navigator can work out the position.

Radar was invented during 1930s. Many countries worked on radar at this time, but the first successful radar was built by Britain in 1935. Radar works by sending out radio signals that bounce off distant objects. The radar set detects the signals that return and produces a picture indicating the position of the objects . British and American scientists worked together to invent methods of using short waves called microwaves.

People in the olden days used to spin thread by hand . They pulled fibres out of cotton and wool and twisted them together into thread. Spinning machines were invented in Britain in the 1700s. These machines had rollers turning at different speeds to twist the fibres into yarn. James Hargreaves in 1764 produced the first successful spinning machine. It was the hand-powered jenny which produced thin yarn. Richard Arkwright's water frame of 1769, powered by water wheels, gave a sturdy thread. Samuel Crompton combined these two spinning machines in 1779 , to make the spinning mule, which could spin many kinds of yarn. These machines were the precursors of the Industrial Revolution . 

The first mechanical clocks are believed to have been made in China in 1088 AD. Later in 1200s, they were first made in Europe. Such clocks made in Europe were driven by a weight on the end of a cord wound round a drum. As the drum rotated, it turned the hands of the clock. The earliest known clock was made in Spain in 1276 AD and the oldest mechanical clock that still works is in Salisbury cathedral in Britain. It was made in 1368. These clocks had devices called escapements to keep the hands turning at the correct rate, so that the clocks depicted the correct time.

A transistor is an electronic device used as a switch or to amplify an electric current or voltage. It was discovered by three American scientists in 1948, namely, William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. The transistor replaced the valve in electronic machines. Being much smaller and more reliable, this made portable radio and television sets possible. Transistors are made of pieces of silicon and can be connected together to produce small, but complex circuits that can handle signals, such as those used in radio and television. In 1970s, single transistors began to be replaced by integrated circuits containing a large number of electronic components.

The distance between the Earth and the moon can be measured accurately by timing how long it takes a laser beam to reach the moon and be reflected back again. A large mirror has been placed on the moon. The speed of light is known, time is measured by this method and distance is calculated by the formula : Speed = Distance/time

The world's 20 highest mountains are all in the Himalaya-Karakoram range in Asia. All these mountains are over 8,000 metres high, the highest of them being Mount Everest at 8,863 metres. The highest peak of each continent are Mt. Elbrus in Europe at 5,633 m, Mt. Kosciusko in Australia at 2,228 m, Mt. Vinson Massif , Antarctica at 5,140 m , Mt. Kilimanjaro in Africa at 5,895 m, Mt. Aconcagua in South America at 6, Kinley in North America at 6, 194 m.