Why Are Manchester United Called the Red Devils?

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Manchester United’s “Red Devils” nickname came from nearby Salford’s rugby league team and was adopted under manager Sir Matt Busby in the 1960s. The connection links two different sports through a shared local nickname. UEFA’s account traces Salford’s name to a French journalist who called the team “Les Diables Rouges” in 1934. That phrase means “the Red Devils.” UEFA says Busby later took a liking to the name. The Premier League’s crest history also credits him with adopting it from Salford. The nickname became a visual part of United’s identity: its badge includes a red devil holding a pitchfork below a three-masted ship. The ship has a separate origin in Manchester’s coat of arms and trading history. A single crest therefore combines a symbol of the city with a nickname borrowed from its sporting neighbourhood.  
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Communism

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Communism A political ideology which has as its central principle the communal ownership of all property, and thereby the abolition of private property. Modern communism is specifically associated with the theories of Karl Marx, who saw the emergence of a communist society as being the final stage in a historical process that was rooted in human material needs, preceded by feudalism, capitalism, and (a transitional stage) socialism. Communism, according to Marx, would abolish class distinctions and end the exploitation of the masses inherent in the capitalism system. The working class, or proletariat, would be the instrument of a revolution that would overthrow the capitalist system and liberate human potential. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), first of all under Lenin's leadership and followed by Stalin, reinterpreted Marxist ideology as Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism, the major feature of which is democratic centralism. The CPSU provided the ideological lead for European communist parties. During the latter part of the 20th-c, however, its compulsory leadership was questioned. In 1989, the establishment of a non-communist Government in Poland, popular uprisings in Eastern Europe, and the decision by the Soviet Union not to intervene saw the dominant position of the Communist Party overturned and an immediate reduction in the status and influence of other communist parties. This change was symbolized best by the demolition of the Berlin Wall, a structure which had stood for the division of Europe into two ideologically opposed camps. There remain a number of countries in which communist parties continue to rule, notably the People's Republic of China, North Korea, and Cuba. However, even in these the system is showing signs of strain, and in China the aging rulers (adherents to the variant of communism known as Maoism) had to resort to force to crush demands for reform in the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1992. Only in North Korea does a full-blown totalitarian democratic centralist regime continue in power.
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