Caesar

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Caesar, in full Gaius Julius Caesar (c.101-44 BC) Roman politician of patrician origins but slender means, whose military genius enabled Rome to extend her empire to the Atlantic seaboard, but whose ruthless ambition led to the breakdown of the Republican system of government at home. In 60 BC he joined with Pompey and Crassus (the so called First Triumvirate) to protect his interests in the state. For nine years (58-50 BC) he conducted campaigns (the Gallic Wars) which extended Roman power in the West. In 55 BC he invaded Britain, and on a second invasion in 54 BC crossed the R Thames and enforced at least the nominal submission of the SE of the island. In 49 BC, to avoid being humbled by his enemies at Rome, he led his army across the R Rubicon into Italy and plunged the state into civil wan Victory over the Pompeian forces at Pharsalus (48 BC), Zela (47 BC), Thapsus (46 BC), and Munda (45 BC,) left him in sole control at Rome, taking the title 'Dictator for Life' in 44 BC. His person was declared sacred, his statue placed in temples, his portrait struck on coins, and the month Quintilis renamed Julius in his honour. He was murdered by Republican-minded Romans under the leadership of Brutus and Cassius. >> Brutus; Cassius; Gallic Wars; Pompey; Roman history

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